Francisco Balagtas
Francisco Balagtas y de la Cruz (April 2, 1788 – February 20, 1862), also known as Francisco Baltazar, was a prominent Filipino poet, and is widely considered as one of the greatest Filipino literary laureate for his impact on Filipino literature. The famous epic, Florante at Laura, is regarded as his defining work.
The name "Baltazar", sometimes misconstrued as a pen name, was a legal surname Balagtas adopted after the 1849 edict of Governor-General Narciso Claveria y Zaldua, which mandated that the native population adopt standard Spanish surnames instead of native ones.
Francisco Balagtas was born on April 2, 1788, in Barrio Panginay, Bigaa, Bulacan as the youngest of the four children of Juan Balagtas, a blacksmith, and Juana de la Cruz. He studied in a parochial school in Bigaa and later in Manila. During his childhood years. Francisco later worked as houseboy in Tondo, Manila. He worked as a houseboy to earn for his own living and to continue his studies.
Balagtas learned to write poetry from José de la Cruz (Huseng Sisiw), one of the most famous poets of Tondo, in return of chicks, but later on overcame Huseng Sisiw as a better poet.
In 1835, Balagtas moved to Pandacan, where he met María Asunción Rivera, who would inspired some of his future works. She was referred as 'Celia' and 'MAR' in Florante at Laura.
He wrote his poems in Tagalog, during an age when Filipino writing was predominantly written in Spanish.
Balagtas published Florante at Laura in 1838. He moved to Balanga, Bataan in 1840 where he became the assistant to the Justice of the Peace, also appointed as the translator of the court and then became a Major Lieutenant. He married Juana Tiambeng on July 22, 1842, in a ceremony officiated by Fr. Cayetano Arellano, uncle of future Philippine Supreme Court Chief Justice Cayetano Arellano. They had eleven children but only four survived to adulthood.
He died on February 20, 1862, at the age of 73. Upon his deathbed, he asked his children not to become poets like him, who had suffered so much under his gift. He even told them that it would be better to cut their hands off than let them be writers.
Balagtas is so greatly revered in the Philippines that the term for Filipino debate in extemporaneous verse is named after him: Balagtasan.
His Legacy:
"Pook na Sinilangan ni Balagtas" Monument was places in Panginay, Balagtas, Bulacan.
An elementary school was erected in honor of Balagtas, the Francisco Balagtas Elementary School (FBES) in Santa Cruz, Manila.
A plaza and park (Plaza Balagtas) erected in Pandacan, Manila, and the streets were named after various Florante at Laura characters in honor of Francisco Balagtas.
His birthplace, Bigaa, Bulacan, was renamed to Balagtas, Bulacan in honor of him.
A museum, historical marker, monument and Elementary School has been placed in his birthplace at Panginay, Balagtas, Bulacan.
A Mercurian crater was also named after him.
His Works:
Florante at Laura, an awit (metrical narrative poem with dodecasyllabic quatrains [12 syllables per line, 4 lines per stanza]); Balagtas' masterpiece
Orosmán at Zafira – a komedya (a Filipino theater form evolved from the Spanish comedia) in four parts
Don Nuño at Selinda – a komedya in three parts
Auredato at Astrome – a komedya in three parts
Clara Belmore – a komedya in three parts
Abdol at Misereanan – a komedya, staged in Abucay in 1857
Bayaceto at Dorslica – a komedya in three parts, staged at Udyong on September 27, 1857
Alamansor at Rosalinda – a komedya staged at Udyong during the town's feast
La India elegante y el negrito amante – a short play in one part
Nudo gordeano
Rodolfo at Rosemonda
Mahomet at Constanza
Claus (translated into Tagalog from Latin)
Francisco Balagtas y de la Cruz (April 2, 1788 – February 20, 1862), also known as Francisco Baltazar, was a prominent Filipino poet, and is widely considered as one of the greatest Filipino literary laureate for his impact on Filipino literature. The famous epic, Florante at Laura, is regarded as his defining work.
The name "Baltazar", sometimes misconstrued as a pen name, was a legal surname Balagtas adopted after the 1849 edict of Governor-General Narciso Claveria y Zaldua, which mandated that the native population adopt standard Spanish surnames instead of native ones.
Francisco Balagtas was born on April 2, 1788, in Barrio Panginay, Bigaa, Bulacan as the youngest of the four children of Juan Balagtas, a blacksmith, and Juana de la Cruz. He studied in a parochial school in Bigaa and later in Manila. During his childhood years. Francisco later worked as houseboy in Tondo, Manila. He worked as a houseboy to earn for his own living and to continue his studies.
Balagtas learned to write poetry from José de la Cruz (Huseng Sisiw), one of the most famous poets of Tondo, in return of chicks, but later on overcame Huseng Sisiw as a better poet.
In 1835, Balagtas moved to Pandacan, where he met María Asunción Rivera, who would inspired some of his future works. She was referred as 'Celia' and 'MAR' in Florante at Laura.
He wrote his poems in Tagalog, during an age when Filipino writing was predominantly written in Spanish.
Balagtas published Florante at Laura in 1838. He moved to Balanga, Bataan in 1840 where he became the assistant to the Justice of the Peace, also appointed as the translator of the court and then became a Major Lieutenant. He married Juana Tiambeng on July 22, 1842, in a ceremony officiated by Fr. Cayetano Arellano, uncle of future Philippine Supreme Court Chief Justice Cayetano Arellano. They had eleven children but only four survived to adulthood.
He died on February 20, 1862, at the age of 73. Upon his deathbed, he asked his children not to become poets like him, who had suffered so much under his gift. He even told them that it would be better to cut their hands off than let them be writers.
Balagtas is so greatly revered in the Philippines that the term for Filipino debate in extemporaneous verse is named after him: Balagtasan.
His Legacy:
"Pook na Sinilangan ni Balagtas" Monument was places in Panginay, Balagtas, Bulacan.
An elementary school was erected in honor of Balagtas, the Francisco Balagtas Elementary School (FBES) in Santa Cruz, Manila.
A plaza and park (Plaza Balagtas) erected in Pandacan, Manila, and the streets were named after various Florante at Laura characters in honor of Francisco Balagtas.
His birthplace, Bigaa, Bulacan, was renamed to Balagtas, Bulacan in honor of him.
A museum, historical marker, monument and Elementary School has been placed in his birthplace at Panginay, Balagtas, Bulacan.
A Mercurian crater was also named after him.
His Works:
Florante at Laura, an awit (metrical narrative poem with dodecasyllabic quatrains [12 syllables per line, 4 lines per stanza]); Balagtas' masterpiece
Orosmán at Zafira – a komedya (a Filipino theater form evolved from the Spanish comedia) in four parts
Don Nuño at Selinda – a komedya in three parts
Auredato at Astrome – a komedya in three parts
Clara Belmore – a komedya in three parts
Abdol at Misereanan – a komedya, staged in Abucay in 1857
Bayaceto at Dorslica – a komedya in three parts, staged at Udyong on September 27, 1857
Alamansor at Rosalinda – a komedya staged at Udyong during the town's feast
La India elegante y el negrito amante – a short play in one part
Nudo gordeano
Rodolfo at Rosemonda
Mahomet at Constanza
Claus (translated into Tagalog from Latin)
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| Balagtas Monument in Panginay |
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